Eymp 1 Context and Principles for Early Years Provision Essay

An explanation of the legal status and principles of the EYF and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings The legal status and principles of the Early Years Foundation stage is used with children aged from birth to five years. The Government have outlined three primary and four specific areas and seventeen early learning goals that they think are important to a child’s development and planning is used to meet a child’s individual needs. An explanation of how different approaches to work with children in early years have affected current provision in the UK Over the years many people have made studies of what they believe were the important factors in providing for children’s needs. All of these pioneers believed that there should be an integrated approach to the early years provision. One of these pioneers that had the greatest influence was Freidrich Froebel. Froebel founded the first kindergarten in 1840 and learned how important it was for children to have real experiences and to be physically active, learning outdoors as well as indoors. He believed that schools should be communities where parents could join their children, and that parents were the first educators of children. Other pioneers were Maria Montessori who devised a structured teaching programme based on watching children with learning difficulties and building on the work of Froebel. She have a different view to him in some areas, for example believing that children should learn to work alone to help them become independent learners and did not see the benefit of play. Rudolf Steiner believed that the first seven years of a childs life were the most important and that they needed a carefully planned environment to develop in a rounded way. Margaret McMillan used many of Froebel’s ideas and thought that play was very important. She believed that nurseries were an extension of the home and not a replacement for it. In the 1920s she set up nursery schools that were copied across the world, having gardens and welcoming families and not just children. One of her most important achievements was introducing school medical services and school meals. She did this because she believed that children could not learn of they were hungry or sick. All of the work of these and other pioneers had an impact on the way that the current provisions in the UK have developed. Why the early years framework emphasises a personal and  individual approach to learning and development The early years framework emphasises a personal and individual approach to learning and development because valuing a child’s individuality, ideas and feelings is an important part of developing an individual approach to the learning and development. A child has universal physical needs such as food, drink and shelter and psychological needs such as love, affection, security, friendship which are essential to maintaining their quality of life. In recognising and trying to meet an individual child’s needs each child’s age, physical maturity, intellectual abilities, emotional development, social skills and past experiences and relationships need to be considered. Part 2 An explanation of the partnership model of working with carers This enables different services and professionals to join together to prevent problems happening. It is used to support children, young people and families to help secure improved outcomes. A review of the potential barriers to participation of cares and an explanation of how these barriers may be overcome There can be barriers to effective partnership working these include problems in sharing information, people not being clear on their roles and concerned that they may make a mistake. An explanation of strategies that can be used to support carers who may react positively or negatively to partnership opportunities Some people may feel threatened that new approaches are being used which mean that they have to work in different ways to which they have been used to. Some may also not like being managed by someone that has different skills and experience from their own. To overcome these issues team meetings can be used for everyone to help them work together. It will also allow everyone to fully understand the roles and responsibilities of the other services and practitioners. An explanation of how effective multi-agency working operates within early years provision and benefits children and carers The Common Assessment Framework is used to by practitioners to assess the additional needs of and their family and to help identify the services that will be required to meet their needs. The Common Assessment Framework starts with assessment and information sharing of the childs development within the EYFS, the care and support offered, the overall family and environment. Using this information the lead professional will work with the team and the parents to put in place a plan to support the child’s development. The Common Assessment Framework has a standard form that is used to record and share with others the details of the assessment. The things that are important are clear and effective communication between the professionals and the agencies, keeping accurate records and maintaining confidentiality.

Italian Revolution(1830-1848) Essay

The three revolutionaries Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Count Camillo Benso di Cavour are the primary names associated with the process by which the many governments of the Italian peninsula came together as a unified kingdom. They all were pivotal in this unification process. In the years between 1830 and 1848 many events occurred in the country of Italy. The primary problems in Italy were a mix of economic depression, social clash, and radical ideas. Secret societies were formed, and because of this, many people were thrown in prison. However, being jailed did not stop or even hinder the revolutions, as the Italians were determined to reach their independence from the Austrians. Giuseppe Mazzini was always surrounded by political dissent, and the resentment against the German-speaking foreigners in Vienna whose armies crushed Italian aspirations toward self-government. At the young age of 21, Mazzini began to combine opposition to all existing governments, desire for political freedom, and Italian nationalism into one, unified cause. At this time he also decided to wear only black clothing in order to express his mourning over the loss of Italian freedoms. The turning point of his life and eventually, one can argue, the turning point of Italy occurred in 1830 when Mazzini joined the conspiratorial society of the Carbonari. The Carbonari was a loosely organized group of liberal and radical revolutionaries. In this group Mazzini attended illegal meetings, distributed banned newspapers, acquired weapons, and took part in riotous antigovernment demonstrations. Mazzini’s passion for Italy was essentially the driving force of his life. He was arrested and spent six months in a local fortress. During this time in solitude, he received his life’s calling; to devote his existence to the emancipation of Italy. He derived his motto â€Å"God and the People†. This motto was well thought out for many reasons. He actually believed that God had intended on all humans to find individual freedom. Secondly, the way to control the masses is to include God. If people believe they are fulfilling God’s virtues they will do almost anything. Mazzini asserted, â€Å"once all peoples had achieved political liberties and combined into national communities, they would pursue humanitarian goals and live in peace with one  another† (Watkins 824). He stated that the reason the secret societies did not thrive was because they focused too much on the individual rights and freedoms. He called on all Italians to emphasize the sacred duty to make Italy a single nation under one government. His basic premise was that nationalism was cooperation among all peoples, not competition (Watkins 825). Soon after his release from prison, Mazzini erected his own secret society, called Young Italy, or Giovanni Italia. He had only one goal; the unification of Italy under one republican government with civil and political freedom for all. Mazzini primarily recruited from the young, middle class. Much like his own background. He wrote hundreds of volumes of writing initiating propaganda for his troops. He stockpiled weapons, and prepared to fight with guerilla warfare (Watkins 824). However, government officials discovered Mazzini’s activities and the exiled him. He lived in Britain where his popular opinion favored his cause. He did not return to Italy until 1848 where he helped to instantiate the revolution of 1848. Although he was defeated by foreign troops, his thoughts lived on. The societies of Young Hungary, Young Germany, and Young Europe were created because of him. Many people argue that every revolution was because of this man. In 1848, Italy was widely considered one of the most democratic and liberal nations in all of Europe. Nevertheless, it was â€Å"under the suzerainty of a number of reactionary rulers† (Kauffman 848). The Kingdom of the two Sicilies was under the despotic king, Ferdinand II. The Papal States were under control of the pope, and the rule of Tuscany, Lombardy, and Venetia was profoundly under the influence of Austria. The only kingdom that had its own independence was that of Piedmont, ruled by Charles Albert. The roots of the Italian revolutions reach back to the Congress of Vienna and the restoration of the reactionary rule by which Austria dominated the peninsula. Metternich, the minister of Austrian foreign affairs, was the man who enforced the settlements that were reached during the Congress of Vienna. The unfinished revolutions of 1820 and 1830 showed that the public was not satisfied with the â€Å"arbitrary rule, censorship of the press, and the  secret police† (Sperber 52). Because of these harsh policies, secret societies like the Cabonari were generated, becoming the leaders in the movement for change. This movement was called â€Å"risorgimento†. Because of the clashing of propaganda and nationalist literature, a revolution seemed inevitable. On January 12, a revolution took place in Palermo Sicily. Since Ferdinand II was on the brim of defeat he granted a constitution that was modeled after the French Constitution. However, the conflict eventually turned from the cause of political constitutionalism to the cause of Italian unity. On April 29, 1848, Pope Pius IX officially disassociated himself with the nationalist war. This infuriated the public, saying that the pope betrayed the Italian cause. The first round of fighting ended when an under trained army was maliciously defeated in Milan. However, the pope’s betrayal resulted in anticlericalism in Rome. Pius IX was forced to flee from Italy and live in the Bourbon kingdom to the South (Sperber 98). Political confusion ended in Rome when Mazzini established a republican democracy in Rome. However, on August 28 Austrian troops entrenched in the cities of Lombardy and Venetia. Shortly thereafter, monarchial rule was reinstated into Italy. It appeared that the revolution would be left to a later generation to accomplish. The politicization of the Italian peoples during 1848 contributed to their success in achieving national unity a generation later. The national idea for Italy was the one concept that survived the defeats and disappointments of 1848.

The legal profession is a form of public trust

The legal profession is a form of public trust which is given only to those qualified enough to uphold the law and assist in the administration of justice. It is a duty of public service which involves sincerity, integrity and reliability, in which pecuniary considerations are a mere by-product, notwithstanding establishing lawyer-client relationships in the highest degree of fiduciary. The lawyer is an oath-bound servant of society whose conduct is clearly circumscribed by inflexible norms of law and ethics to which the ends of justice are the primary considerations. In rendering legal services to his clients, he must observe utmost fidelity to the cause of his client regardless of his personal beliefs on his client’s guilt or innocence, as even the most guilty of all criminals can still avail of the different protections afforded by the law. Sometimes, though, lawyers are faced with legal complications in providing the most adequate defenses for their clients especially when the latter are found to have deliberately violated the laws of the land. These acts do no include justifying circumstances in criminal prosecutions as these are been deemed lawful when convincingly proven in court. The acts contemplated here are acts which are considered, on its face, patent violations of the law bereft of any legal justification. However, these illegal acts do not preclude the rendering of legal services for the protection of their rights. Among the conditions and circumstances that utterly warrant the defense of illegal acts are those which are challenged based on constitutional issues involving the due process and equal protection clauses, and constitutionally-protected freedoms such as free expression and the right to privacy. The due process and the equal protection clauses have been two of the most important protections afforded by the US Constitution to the American people to safeguard them from the unwarranted intrusions of government into the free exercise of their democratic rights. As a result, many previously considered violations of the law were overturned by the US Supreme Court for abridging the due process and equal protection clauses of the constitution, to the extent that entire statutes were declared unconstitutional and taken off the statute books. In the case of Lawrence v. Texas, two gay couples were charged and convicted for â€Å"deviate sexual intercourse, namely anal sex, with a member of the same sex,† (539 U.S. 558) and violating the Texas Penal Code Ann.  §21.06(a), which provides that a person commits an offense if he engages in deviate sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex. The homosexual couple asserted that their conviction was an infringement of the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth amendment, in which the majority opinion answered thus These matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   make in a lifetime, choices central to personal dignity and autonomy, are central   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. At the heart of liberty is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe,    and of the mystery of human life. Beliefs about these matters could not define the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   attributes of personhood were they formed under compulsion of the State.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) Such homosexual acts in the privacy of a person’s home is subsumed in the concept stated above and their autonomy as persons to decide for themselves the concept of their own existence and meaning must be respected by the Court and the law. While convicted in the lower courts for violating the law, they were vindicated by the ruling of the Supreme Court based on their constitutional challenge. A case that was won based on procedural due process is the case of Tumey v. Ohio in which Tumey was arrested and charged with the unlawful possession of intoxicating liquor at White Oak, another village in Hamilton county, Ohio, on a warrant issued by the mayor of North College Hill. The mayor of the town then proceeded to try and convict Tumey under the existing law. His conviction was challenged based on the pecuniary interest of the mayor in convicting Tumey as he stood to gain from the amount of the costs in each case, in addition to his regular salary, as compensation for hearing such cases. There is, therefore, no way by which the mayor may be paid for his service as judge, if he does not convict those who are brought before him. The US Supreme Court looked favorably on the assertions of Tumey, reversed his conviction, and remanded the case for further trial, due to the utter lack of impartiality in the previous proceedings with the mayor sitting as a judge. This is proof once again that constitutional challenges protect the rights even of persons seen to have deliberately violated the law. In Lanzetta v. New Jersey, the appellants were indicted and convicted under the New Jersey Statute which prosecutes â€Å"any person not engaged in any lawful occupation, known to be a member of any gang consisting of two or more persons, who has been convicted at least three times of being a disorderly person, or who has been convicted of any crime, in this or any other State, is declared to be a gangster. The US Supreme Court declared the statute unconstitutional for being repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment as the word â€Å"gang† and â€Å"gangster† is vague such that even those who belong to a group whose objective may be legal may unnecessarily be covered. Hence, due to vagueness, there is no sufficient warning to the public as to what exactly is proscribed by the law. The persons in this case, even if found to be true gangsters in a socio-cultural sense, had their convictions reversed simply due to the vagueness of the law. In the case of In Re Lynch, John Lynch was released from prison that supposedly condemned him for life behind bars as the US Supreme Court found the penalty for this offense of indecent exposure too cruel for such a light offense, relative to more heinous crimes with the same penalty. Lynch was definitely found guilty of his crime, yet the law still afforded him adequate protection despite his offenses when it was challenged based on the constitutional issue of disproportionate punishments which, although not cruel or unusual in its method, it is so disproportionate to the crime for which it is inflicted that it shocks the conscience and offends fundamental notions of human dignity. In New York Times v. Sullivan, the libel suit of L.B. Sullivan against the New York Times did not earn the affirmation of the US Supreme Court as it held that the interest of the public outweighs the interest of any other individual. While the New York Times might, on its face, erred in accurately reporting the facts of the civil rights demonstration involving Martin Luther King, the newspaper cannot be held for its criticisms of the official conduct of public officials.   In this case, the freedom of the press saved the New York Times from settling the multi-million dollar libel suit filed by Sullivan even if the lower courts found them guilty of the offense. In the famous case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Drs. Griswold and Buxton were found guilty of violating 53-32 and 54-196 of the General Statutes of Connecticut and fined $100 each for giving information, instruction, and medical advice to married persons as to the means of preventing conception, notwithstanding examining a married woman and prescribed the best contraceptive device or material for her use. The US Supreme Court reversed their convictions based on a discussion of the penumbra of rights which are formed by emanations from those constitutional guarantees that help give them life and substance. This is shown in past cases wherein, though not directly involved, the right to privacy was upheld. The court, in verbatim even said – The present case, concerns a relationship lying within the zone of privacy created   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by several fundamental constitutional guarantees. And it concerns a law which, in   Ã‚   forbidding the use of contraceptives rather than regulating their manufacture or    sale, seeks to achieve its goals by means having a maximum destructive impact upon that relationship. Such a law cannot stand in light of the familiar principle, so often applied by this Court, that a â€Å"governmental purpose to control or prevent   Ã‚   activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   protected freedoms.† Yet again, the US Supreme Court intervened in expunging responsibility from individuals who were found to be in blatant violation of the existing laws of the land. In all of these, it is patently clear that individuals found to be in deliberate violation of existing laws can still be afforded protection by our system of laws. While many other conditions and exceptions exist to warrant the defense of supposedly erring individuals and groups, the best way of going around the violations of the law is through a sound constitutional challenge before the courts of law, from the lowest courts all the way up to the US Supreme Court. It must be remembered that these are done not only for the sheer obstinacy of defending the cause of the client but also in pursuit of upholding the rule of law, the integrity of the courts and assist in the administration of justice. The duties of the lawyers are not only to prosecute and defend, but also to ensure that justice is done to all those who deserve it. Cases Cited: Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) Tumey v. Ohio, 373 US 510 (1927) Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 US 451 (1939) In Re Lynch, 8 Cal 3rd 410 P. 2d (1972) New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964) Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 US 47A (1965)   

Employment and contract law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Employment and contract law - Assignment Example There are several problems in the theory of contracts and various limitations. A contract can be formed only if the promisor intends to take the legal obligation. Any contract which fails to explain its legal binding is not enforceable. The main aim of contract law is to safeguard the reasonable expectations if the promise is made in the condition when the promiser has indulged the promisee to believe that it is legal obligation. A formal legal formality involves the evidence of agreement or promise, the cautionary measure and if the promise is required to make oral promise it should be made clear to understand the seriousness of the obligation undertaken. The written contract documents also show formal agreement which have legal consequences. It shows the evidence of the intention of parties, which are involved in the contract. The research in 2007 on unfair trade practices and consumers found that consumer may or may not have a link between signed contract for the product or servic e and consciously entering into a contract3. Employment Law and Contract Charlie Totara of Green Island Enviro-Tours Ltd (GIETL) is planning to hire casual employees. The rule governing individual employment agreements, over the groups of staff fall under a specific category and are legally obliged under the Employment Relations Act 20004. The employment relation Act 2000 requires the agreements to be mentioned in writing and the agreement are essential for every business. The employers run the risk of getting into problem in case of disputes. The rights of employee and employer are protected by the law. If the employee is mistreated by the employee, or the employee misuses company’s properties, the agreement can be used to address the issue. The employee relation act states nine points are significant in individual employment agreement - 1. The name of employee and employer 2. The description of work 3. The location 4. The time of work 5. The salary 6. The explanation of ser vices which will be used to resolve problems 7. The payment term for holidays 8. The redundancy process 9. In case 90 day trial period is used, the statement should be included, which declares the procedure of dismissal. Individual Employment Agreement between an Employer and an Employee Individual Employment Agreement between an Employer and an Employee 1 The Parties 1.1 Individual Employment Agreement The parties to this employment agreement are: 1. GIETL, the "Employer"; and 2. Insert employee's name, the "Employee". 2 The Position and the Duties 2.1 Position The Employee is being employed as Tour guides and assistant. 2.2 Duties as set out in the job description The Employee shall perform the duties set out in the Job Description attached to this agreement. 1. Guiding tourists 2. Communicating with the tourists These duties may be modified and updated by the Employer from time to time following agreement with the Employee. The Employee also agrees to perform all other reasonable duties and comply with reasonable instructions issued by the Employer. 3 Nature and Term of the Agreement 3.1 Casual Individual Employment Agreement (Intermittent) This Employment Agreement is an individual employment agreement entered into under the Employment Relations Act 2000. The parties to this agreement agree that the nature of the relationship is a casual "as required" employment relatio

Strategic management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management accounting - Essay Example The analysis of variance involves finding the difference between the budgeted figure and the actual figure. Whereby, a positive or a negative variance may be obtained. Whereby, a positive variance implies that the budgeted figures were higher than the actual amount. This means that management an over cast was made when preparing the budget (Codjia, 2013). On the other hand, a negative variance indicates that the budgeted amount was lower than the amount obtained. This means that there was an under cast during budget preparation. Therefore, strategic variance analysis may be categorized into two divisions namely; mutually exclusive strategic variance analysis and discretionally strategic variance analysis. Whereby, exclusive variance analysis focuses at determining the deviations in terms of budgeted and actual sales volumes. On the other hand, exclusive variance analysis focuses at determining deviations in terms of contribution margin and production cost (Codjia, 2013). Additionally , strategic management accounting helps in monitoring and control. Whereby, internal auditors conduct a thorough scrutiny of financial reporting mechanism. This helps auditors to exercise internal control of financial reports as well as prevent errors that could occur. ... Therefore, this study will provide an insight on the two major sections regarding strategic management accounting as discussed. Question 1 Advice on two entirely different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with what is termed the â€Å"traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control†. The benefits that may accrue from an organisation that tend to adopt traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control may vary between different organisations. This is because a budget that can be applied in one organisation may not be effective in another organisation. Additionally, external factors influencing a business may not be similar because different organisation might be operating under different business environments. Additionally, organisation differs in terms of goals, objectives and activities carried out (Bhattacharyya, 2006). For instance, a budget that may be utilized in a business that operates in a very stable and static market place may not b e suitable to a business that operate in a very dynamic, rapidly changing, innovative environment. This means that on out of the two organisations, one might obtain more benefits than the other as a result of adopting traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control. Connectively, traditional approach of budgeting and budgetary control has the following feature; budgets are approved prior the onset of the budgetary year, secondly, plans, assumptions and factors that could affect the next year budget are made in advance. Thirdly, control to rectify deviations might be taken into consideration. Additionally, the budgeted figures are normally compared with actual figures on both cumulative and monthly basis (Bowhill, 2008). In above

Lee Miller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lee Miller - Research Paper Example In 1929 she searched out Man Ray in Paris and turned into his understudy, mate and muse. She additionally featured in Jean Cocteaus point of interest film â€Å"The Blood of a Poet† (Haworth 15). Lee Miller as an artist was the muse of Man Ray as well as his student and soon his partner. She gained from one of the best cutting edge photographic artists, mastering lighting, printing and the methodology of "solarization" - a method for turning around highlights into blacks - they ran across together. She made a representation toward oneself titled lee mill operator standard lee mill operator and helped Paris "Vogue" as both model and picture taker. She made representations and mocking drawings, captured baffling road scenes, rich close reflections and pictures like Blasting Hand which embody the convulsive magnificence lectured by the organizer of Surrealism, Andrà © Breton. She likewise made the absolute most radical photos of the naked of the Surrealist age - nudes which have been depicted as changing the female middle into a phallus (Conekin 57). Lee Miller travelled to London in 1939 to live with Roland Penrose. She prepared her Surrealist eye on the disarray of Blitzed London for her first book, Horrid Glory (1940). She began working for British "Vogue" in 1940 and turned into the magazines work-horse and most productive patron. Mill operator assumed each sort of photographic work for the magazine, whether documentary, picture or design. She started composition characteristic articles in 1944 with a profile of the American radio television star Ed Murrow. The "Life" photographic artist David E. Scherman turned into her coach in photojournalism, her sweetheart and companion. Before long she was traveling to France as an authorize war journalist for Vogue. The magazine distributed Millers singing dispatches on field healing facilities in Normandy, the Liberation of Paris, the battling around the German-possessed bastion in St Malo, the

General info. about the Dorado fish (known as the dolphinfish and Mahi Essay

General info. about the Dorado fish (known as the dolphinfish and Mahi Mahi) - Essay Example The genus is coryphaena (Bostwick). The fish itself has a round rectangular like shape and long dorsal fins that extend close to the entire length of their bodies. Additionally, the fish has sharp and concave caudal and anal fins. Perhaps most notably, however, is the fish’s coloration. In these regards, the fish has bright and vibrant color. Gold is featured on the fish’s sides, with bright blue and green colors on the fish’s back. The fish is a surface-dwelling animal that is found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters ("Florida Museum"). The general life span of these fish is four to five years ("Florida Museum"). The fish’s development is recognized as being highly rapid; indeed, it’s been noted that this fish’s growth is one of the fasted among ocean fish ("Florida Museum"). Mahi mahi are sexually mature in their first year, generally this development occurs by 4 or 5 months old ("Florida Museum"). In terms of spawning; this occurs when they reach body lengths of twenty centimeters. Female dorado spawn two to three times per year ("Fishbase"). This spawing only occurs when they are in warm waters, yet it occurs year around ("Fishbase"). When these fish spawn they produce a staggering amount of eggs – between 80,000 and 1,000,000 ("Fishbase"). When the eggs are located in many ocean areas, they have oftentimes been located in seaweed deposits. The physiology of gas excha nge is highly impactful of these eggs as dissolved oxygen, coupled with problems maintaining salinity, adequate nutritional value and proper size result in 20-30% mortality rate for these larvae ("Fishbase"). The main environmental impact on this fish is from commercial fishermen. Indeed, the fish is a popular target for fisherman as it is regarded as a delicacy. Generally in terms of fishing, catches of the dorado fish measure between 15 and 30 lbs, with catches above 40 lbs considered rare and exceptional. There have been a variety of studies that have

Legal, Environmental and Social Constraints Essay

Legal, Environmental and Social Constraints - Essay Example The regulation aimed at controlling the most polluting processes such as at power stations. The following hydrocarbon processes, as prescribed by The Environmental Protection (Prescribed Processes and Substances) Regulations 1991 (SI 1991/472), require authorization if they are likely to release prescribed substances." (Environmental legislation applicable to the offshore hydrocarbon industry (England, Scotland and Wales) The proposed expansion of Stansted Airport faced a lot of controversy. A preservation group protested and stated that the expansion could lead to the destruction of many historic buildings. Although the Government assured that the listed properties could be rebuilt outside the new boundaries but the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings kept the stance that the airport expansion will lead to maximum damage to the country's heritage including two important monuments Waltham Manor and The Grange. The controversy also directed towards the lack of planning in order to deal with the increasing demand of future air travel. The pressure groups warned for the legal action against the airport authorities that presented the proposal to build another runway on Stansted Airport. The group took the stance that the costs attached to the expansion of the Stansted Airport are lot more than the benefits attached to the plan. Reference SSE News Archives, 27 December 2003 http://www.stopstanstedexpansion.com/news_archive06.html Q 3. Explain what is covered by EMC legislation, What part was played by the EU in this piece of legislation. "The word EMC does not include the influence of electromagnetic waves (either desired or undesired) on biological systems. This is a much larger field and is covered by the expression "EMCE" ("E" is for environmental), which is not the topic here and is also not the field in which EM TEST works." (Mohr) The EMC makes sure that all the electrical products shall work in their environment and will not generate electromagnetic disturbances, which can effect the performance of other products. The EMC also covers the

Differences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional Essay

Differences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional - Essay Example nterest (riba) in the transactions, avoiding economic transactions that involve oppression (zulm), and the introduction of an Islamic tax known as zakat (Fahim & Mario 2010, p. 92). Under conventional banking, the danger of insolvency is lower as compared to Islamic banking. Fluctuations in the income of a conventional bank are passed on to depositors as fluctuating payments. On the contrary, losses incurred in Islamic banking do not affect the account holders. As such, Islamic banks may suffer the losses rather than passing on the losses to the customers. In conventional banks, the major aim to protect against possible risks and losses that may emanate from investments. Therefore, depositors choose to invest their funds in banks that have high returns. On the other hand, depositors in Islamic banks do not look for banks that have high rates of return since the sole aim is not to make high profits (Visser 2009, p. 140). In conventional banking, transactions are shaped by the limits in applying usury prohibition. This ensures separation of the banks from the risks associated with the activities of the customers. On the other hand, in Islamic banking, a system based on the participation of the creditors in the risks and profit replaces the interest-based system (Fahim & Mario 2010, p. 91). The interest earned in conventional banking is based on the fact that the lender ought to get a fixed return on the investment, regardless whether the venture of the borrower succeeded or did not succeed. On the other hand, Islamic banking prohibits the presence of predetermined return, although it recognizes the legitimacy of profit sharing. Conventional banking operates for the own interests of the bank; thus, the bank does not make efforts to make sure that there is growth with equity. On the contrary, Islamic banking gives a lot of importance to the interest of the public. Thus, it aims at ensuring that there is growth with equity. In conventional banking, commercial banks

The life of Mark Zuckerberg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The life of Mark Zuckerberg - Essay Example The aim of this essay is to sketch the darker side of Mark Zuckerberg’s personality, which is usually ignored. Mark Zuckerberg is one of the most successful young developers, along with people like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates etc. His success story, which started at a very young age and is very impressive, is however not without controversies and negativity. At one hand we see his apparently humble and simple self as he appears in public; on the other hand there is this haughty, selfish and immature side of him. Most of the times, greater focus is attached with his good and humble side, this essay however would highlight the other side of his personality. He developed his first music streaming platform, while he was still in high school. At that time, AOL and Microsoft showed interest in his creation but they were boldly rebuffed by young Zuckerberg. This gives an early example of his haughty behavior. Any other high school kid would have been very excited and rather highly indebted to those great companies for showing their interest but Zuckerberg had graeter plans. After getting into the prestigious Harvard University, Zuckerberg was a step even higher than before. His attitude with his college mates and towards college authorities is not a very impressive one. Apart from finally dropping out of college, he also had to face a lot of controversies and discipline issues while he was still at Harvard. His experiments like ‘facemash’ (a voting site) etc caused a lot of trouble, as in the case of Facemash the server of Harvard crashed and Zuckerberg was summoned in front of committee on disciplinary grounds. Thus being a student, his reckless and disastrous experiments were not much appreciated. Also his dropping out of college to focus on Facebook show his non serious and careless attitude towards studies as no sane person would like to drop out of such a prestigious Ivy League institution. The greatest controversy of Mark Zuckerberg’s

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Inflation - Essay Example The general price level remains low or affordable to the average consumer and stays that way for a long period of time. Thus, stability of prices within an economy is more of a concept than anything else. Moving on to the demand for and supply of goods in the market, there might be a number of fluctuations with regard to the customer’s needs and wants as well as the producer’s. This makes it a little difficult for the overall price values within the market or economy to be comprehended with ease by both parties. And therefore, for this purpose, a general price level or the concept of price stability is adopted in order to reflect the entire impact that the market has had on each of the different and individual units. Thus in order to understand better, price stability is simply a term or concept used to realize the stability or balance that the general price level or market forces have rather than the actually fixed prices on goods and services in the market. Price stability may also be understood as a period in the economy when it does not face inflation or deflation. In order to understand this, the term inflation has been emphasized upon in this paper. Inflation takes place in an economy when the actual aggregate demand within the economy is greater than the required level of aggregate demand for full employment equilibrium. Full employment equilibrium on the other hand is a situation when all the resources within an economy have been utilised in a full and efficient manner, and the demand curve cuts the 45 degree line or supply curve at this point. However, if the demand curve exceeds the point of full employment equilibrium, it leads to an inflationary gap in the economy. This has been better explained with the help of a diagram; Here the C+I (Total consumption plus investment expenditure) is the aggregate demand (point B) which should have been the situation for an ideal level of equilibrium in the

Questionnaire results Essay Example for Free

Questionnaire results Essay The questionnaire is an essential part of our research it gives us an insight to what people think. The questionnaire was randomly given out to males and females. More females had answered our questionnaire which does not matter as long as we have the views of the males as well. It can be seen that a variety of ages were asked to do the questionnaire. This shows us we will get a variety of results. We asked Do you eat Ice cream? 85% of the people said Yes. This question was vital for us because we are selling Ice Cream. The outcome of the results is good because we had more than 50% saying Yes. The question How often do you eat Ice Cream? was asked so we can see if Ice Cream is popular within people. Most people said they eat Ice Cream once a month. This is not good as we would like people to come to our Ice Cream parlour. We would have to promote our business to get customers to come to our Ice Bar. We had asked a variety of flavours. The most popular flavour was chocolate this shows us which flavours we can order and how many litres we would need to buy. We had also asked people if there were any other flavours they like; we did get a few people with more flavours. These flavours do not seem popular but we can try them. We asked Do you visit Ice Cream parlour? majority of the results were No. This is not good for our business, but it can be understood that there are not a lot of Ice Cream parlours. In the area we are to open Ice Bar there are none at all. So this is good for us but then there is a lot of competition due to a lot of food businesses. We will need to advertise our business to let people know we are open and we sell Ice Cream. We got more promising results when we asked Would you visit your local Ice Cream parlour. A majority people of people said Yes. So this is good for our business. At least we can see from the results that people would visit an Ice Cream parlour if available to them. Every business needs a name. We came up with a few ideas for our business but could not decide which one to have because four of the ones we chose we liked. As we are partners we could not agree on the same name so we decided to let the public decide which name is better suited. It can be seen Ice Bar was the popular name. So we had decided to go with this name for our business. By researching which areas are better to locate our business with the help of the above criteria, we decided to locate on Ecclesall Road as this is close to the city centre with a high density of both residential and business premises. Ecclesall Road is a predominantly student area. This will start of with a good client base from which we can build from. It is vital that the Ice Bar has both a shop front facing on the main street, and a visible separate entrance. The premises we have found is located on Ecclesall Road as intended to. The property details are as follows on the next page. The property is easily accessible, public transportation is available as it is on a main road Plan of Ice Bar The layout of the area of the Ice Bar must be made easy for customers and waiters/waitresses to move freely. The kitchen must comply with all the Health Safety requirements, but at the same time all implements should be set out within easy reach of preparations areas. Food prepared in advance must be stored in the freezer, which should also be in easy reach of the preparation area. In the plan you can see this is done. To enter the parlour there are double doors which will make easier access for people and more space for people to get in and out. This will be most necessary when Ice Bar is going to be busy. We have a main bar in the parlour which designed to for a modern and different look. As there was more space we decided to place another bar which faces the window. So it will also show the parlour is big and welcomes a lot of customers. As we are in a student area we decided to have a corner in the room where people of any ages to come and relax with a table could do some work if wanted to? Behind the main bar is a worktop where we are to make the ice creams. We cannot make the ice creams on the main bar as this would make the customers feel we were intruding into their privacy. There is more space on the worktop and jus in case of any spills this could be helpful. On the worktop there are to be placed a few of the glasses to show the customers the size of them. It would be quicker an all. There is an entrance to the store room where all the ingredients to make Ice Cream Sundaes are. The shelving is used for storing the toppings and sauces and spare Ice Cream glasses. The large freezer is to be placed in the store room. The reason for this is that there is not enough space to keep it on the shop floor. The freezer is an industrial freezer so the appearance of it will be unattractive. Quality Assurance Quality assurance is a planned and well-organised pattern of all actions necessary to provide sufficient confidence that the product or service meets the customers expectations. Training Our quality assurance will consist of a course of training for all our staff. Each staff member will be taken aside and informed of all the information they will need to learn. They will then be tested on this and their score will be recorded on a training record card. All staff will also be trained in how to create the sundaes and present them to a high standard. Staff must complete a basic food hygiene course before they can participate in making the desserts.

Comparison of Marx and Hobbes

Comparison of Marx and Hobbes Contrast and compare the views of Marx and Hobbes as to the basis of law and order in society. Marx and Hobbes are great philosophers with phenomenal contribution towards the theory of human society resulting in the socialist revolution leading to communism by Marx and the ‘state of nature’ and ‘social contract’ by Hobbes. Although the two philosophers are distinct in their own theories, a comparative analysis of differences and similarities can be drawn based on the era they lived in and how this has influenced their beliefs which was then passed on to the upcoming human society. The political philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) was one of the first modern view theory which provided an insight into why a governments legitimate authority should be obeyed. The rationale was based on genuine legitimacy derived from secular and material argument. Thomas Hobbes comes from the time of war, conflicts and many historians suggest that he was ruled by fear. This could have been a parameter to his view on human society. In his book titled ‘Leviathan’, Hobbes describes ‘the state of nature’ as the natural condition of human society which is a state of conflict and war. During this stage, a person is perceived to be rational egoist governed by appetites and emotions of hatred, pride, despair, etc. Furthermore the non-existence of government increases the inequality amongst highlighting the need of a state wherefore everyone must be equal. This inequality, to Hobbes, entail that people can kill each other which lead to great suspicious of one another and to avoid risk man avoids human contact. The primary goal to men becomes the security to escape the state of nature. The perception was that it can only be achieved by dominating all other men but since all are equal this becomes the ambition for everyone and it leads to a deadlock situation. Nonetheless, at some point people will also agree to appoint a law-giver and law-enforcer i.e. they elect a sovereign and this is the moment of the social contract. The sovereign can be defined as a ruler with unconditional power and unaccountable to the people he rules. However Hobbes argued that the freedom of speech and other rights belong in the state of nature, this censure is necessary to maintain order otherwise it will lead to conflict and a shift back to the state of nature. The social contract therefore is a contract between the people not between the people and the ruler. So in order to maintain peace and security, men give up their freedom to the sovereign to achieve protection in return. In Hobbes view, the evolution of human society happens in two stages from the state of nature to civil society. When men decide to elect the sovereign they are no longer primitive beings but citizens of a civil society. Hobbes’ interpretation was that an absolutists rule with sovereign that cannot be judged or punished. Hence, according to Hobbes there are only two possibilities for human society: either to be in a state of nature characterized by war and conflict or get peace in the civil society ruled by an absolutist sovereign by giving up their freedom. The German philosopher Karl Marx (1818-1883), was a sociologist, economist, journalist, historian and revolutionary socialist. He contributed a great deal of theories in economic fields which later formed strong foundation of current knowledge of labour and capital, and has impacted wide variety of successive economic thoughts. Marxs theory about society, economics and politics collectively known as Marxism belief that human societies progress through class and struggle. A conflict between an ownership class that controls production and a dispossessed labouring class that provides the labour for production. He called capitalism the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, believing it to be run by the wealthy classes for their own personal benefit; and he predicted that, like previous socioeconomic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. He argued that class antagonisms under capitalism between the bourgeoisie and proletariat would result in working class conquest of political power as a dictatorship of the proletariat and eventually establish a classless society, socialism or communism, a society governed by a free organisation of manufacturers. In parallel to believing the fact that socialism and communism were inevitable at that time, Marx actively fought for their implementation, arguing that social theorists and underprivileged people alike should carry out organised revolutionary action to rule out capitalism and introduce socio-economic change. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history. Revolutionary socialist governments adopting Marxist concepts formed existence and power in a variety of countries in the 20th century, leading to the formation of largest socialist states such as the Soviet Union in 1922 and the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. Many labour unions and workers parties worldwide are influenced by Marxism which also led to establishment of various theoretical deviations, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, and Maoism, which were developed as a result. Marx is typically referred along with Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, as one of the three principal architects of modern social science. The fact that both philosophers comes from different times, governed by different events and situations, had great inspiration on their thoughts and their derivation on what the end state of society should be like. They have made their contribution to what human society currently has and will continue to evolve. They conclude that the evolution of humans into many forthcoming stages reflect advancing conditions for mankind in each other’s perspective. Hobbes commenced during the time of war and conflict, at which human beings basic requirement of security was deprived. Marx, who went through exploitative effects of capitalism on labour, in turn has a critical view on capitalism. However, he holds a very positive view of the future and also believes that the basic contradictions in the capitalist society would lead to its own collapse leading the way for revolution. He also assumes that the exploitation of labour would not exist in a communist society. The outcome of Marx’ stage theory is therefore a fair and very specific to the fact that the society is characterized by equality. Marx’s and Hobbes difference was in their views of the social contract between human beings. Hobbes states that people will voluntarily abandon their rights of freedom to an independent ruler standing outside the contract. This is quite fundamental theory of the social contract as most would see the independent governor as also bound by the contract. This theory was further summarised that an absolutist ruler is necessary to keep men in admiration. Marx however, has been through the isolating effects of the capitalism and hence proposes a communist ideal of a communal society. One of the famous Hobbes statements about the state of nature was, Life is brutish, short and harsh, in the state of nature. Humans are constantly in competition for resources, whether it’s primary or secondary. They would reach any extent necessary to meet those needs. This sense of desperation to fulfil needs create insecurity within the human society. Hobbes wrote the book Leviathan, the word Leviathan means the best way of protecting citizens would be by appointing a government that is powerful and intimidating. Hobbes believed that life is not immoral, but immoral in a state of nature. So, by killing an individual in a state of nature would be the same as the letting them live. The rationale is that a government must make laws and regulations in order to create a civilised society to result minimal crime. Regardless of these, Hobbes good works have been recognised as influential in shaping people and government with regards to a state of a civilised society. Hence, views of Hobbes and Marx had different path to reach to the same determination even though they had similar objectives of bringing improvement to the society. Hobbess Leviathan explains the good management of natural and civil laws, as it empowers people to make themselves the people of the society. On other side, Marx states history is economics in action. After analysing the differences and similarities of Karl Marx and Thomas Hobbes, we can gather that both philosophers settled on the notion of communism over individuality. Marx holds very calculative and measurable theories, as his theories are formed natural laws. Although, the differences between these theories are quite visible, their objectives and the message is the same which is the establishment and improvement of a civil society. Bibliography Hobbes, T. (1968) Leviathan, Harmondsworth: Pelican Books Raphael, D. D. (1977) Hobbes- Morals and Politics, Alden Press Oxford Bottomore, T. (1975) Marxist Sociology, The Anchor Press Ltd Swingewood, A. (1975) Marx and Modern Social Theory, The Macmillan Press Ltd Ritzer, G. and Stepnisky, J. (2014) Sociological Theory, 9th edition, McGraw-Hill Education, page 43-75 Biography- Thomas Hobbes [Online] Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-hobbes-9340461 [Accessed: 10th January 2014] The History Guide- Karl Marx [Online] Available at: http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html [Accessed: 10th January 2014] 1

Components and functions of the complement system

Components and functions of the complement system The complement system found in the blood of mammals is composed of heat labile substances (proteins) that combine with antibodies or cell surfaces. This complex, multicomponent system is composed of about 26 proteins. The complement cascade is constitutive and non-specific but it must be activated in order to function. The functions of complement include: making bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis directly lysing some bacteria and foreign cells producing chemotactic substances increasing vascular permeability causing smooth muscle contraction promoting mast cell degranulation The complement system can be activated via two distinct pathways; the classical pathway and the alternate pathway. Once initiated, a cascade of events (the complement cascade) ensues, providing the functions listed above. Most of the complement components are numbered (e.g. C1, C2, C3, etc.) but some are simply referred to as Factors. Some of the components must be enzymatically cleaved to activate their function; others simply combine to form complexes that are active. The following table lists these components and their functions. Components of the Classical Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C1(q,r,s) C1q Binds to antibody that has bound antigen, activates C1r. C1r Cleaves C1s to activate protease function. C1s Cleaves C2 and C4. C2 C2a Unknown. C2b Active enzyme of classical pathway; cleaves C3 and C5. C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds C5 for cleavage by C2b. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. C4 C4a Mediates inflammation. C4b Binds C2 for cleavage by C1s. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization. Components of the Alternate Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. Factor B B Binds membrane bound C3b. Cleaved by Factor D. Ba Unknown. Bb Cleaved form stabilized by P produces C3 convertase. Factor D D Cleaves Factor B when bound to C3b. Properdin P Binds and stabilizes membrane bound C3bBb. Components of the Membrane-Attack Complex Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C5 C5a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin, chemotaxin. C5b Initiates assembly of the membrane-attack complex (MAC). C6 C6 Binds C5b, forms acceptor for C7. C7 C7 Binds C5b6, inserts into membrane, forms acceptor for C8. C8 C8 Binds C5b67, initiates C9 polymerization. C9 C9n Polymerizes around C5b678 to form channel that causes cell lysis. ACTIVATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Classical Pathway The classical pathway starts with C1; C1 binds to immunoglobulin Fc (primarily IgM and IgG); C1 is recognition complex composed of 22 polypeptide chains in 3 subunits; C1q, C1r, C1s. C1q is the actual recognition portion, a glycoprotein containing hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine that looks like a tulip flower. Upon binding via C1q, C1r is activated to become a protease that cleaves C1s to a form that activates (cleaves) both C2 and C4 to C2a/b and C4a/b. C2b and C4b combine to produce C3 convertase (C3 activating enzyme). C4a has anaphylactic activity (inflammatory response). C3 is central to both the classical and alternative pathways. In classical, C4b2b convertase cleaves C3 into C3a/b. C3a is a potent anaphylatoxin. C3b combines with C4b2b to form C4b2b3b complex that is a C5 convertase. C3b can also bind directly to cells making them susceptible to phagocytosis. C5 is converted by C5 convertase (i.e. C4b2b3b) to C5a/b. C5a has potent anaphylatoxic and chemotaxic activities. C5b functions as an anchor on the target cell surface to which the lytic membrane-attack complex (MAC) forms. MAC includes C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9. Once C9 polymerizes to form a hole in the cell wall, lysis ensues. Classical Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly Alternate Pathway The alternate pathway may be initiated by immunologic (e.g. IgA or IgE) or non-immunologic (e.g. LPS) means. The cascade begins with C3. A small amount of C3b is always found in circulation as a result of spontaneous cleavage of C3 but the concentrations are generally kept very low (see below). However, when C3b binds covalently to sugars on a cell surface, it can become protected. Then Factor B binds to C3b. In the presence of Factor D, bound Factor B is cleaved to Ba and Bb; Bb contains the active site for a C3 convertase. Next. properdin binds to C3bBb to stabilize the C3bBb convertase on cell surface leading to cleavage of C3. Finally, a C3bBb3b complex forms and this is a C5 convertase, cleaving C5 to C5a/b. Once formed, C5b initiates formation of the membrane attack complex as described above. Generally, only Gram-negative cells can be directly lysed by antibody plus complement; Gram-positive cells are mostly resistant. However, phagocytosis is greatly enhanced by C3b binding (phagocytes have C3b receptors on their surface) and antibody is not always required. In addition, complement can neutralize virus particles either by direct lysis or by preventing viral penetration of host cells. Alternate Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly REGULATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Because both the classical and alternate pathways depend upon C3b, regulation of the complement cascade is mediated via 3 proteins that affect the levels and activities of this component. C1 Inhibitor inhibits the production of C3b by combining with and inactivating C1r and C1s. This prevents formation of the C3 convertase, C4b2b. Protein H inhibits the production of C3b by inhibiting the binding of Factor B to membrane-bound C3b, thereby preventing cleavage of B to Bb and production of the C3 convertase, C3bBb. Factor I inhibits the production of C3b by cleaving C3b into C3c and C3d, which are inactive. Factor I only works on cell membrane bound C3b, mostly on red blood cells (i.e. non-activator surfaces).

Five Senese Aging Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Aging is a process of one getting older...† (Medina 4). As one gets older changes will occur. â€Å"It might start with a line a cross the forehead that deepens in to a wrinkle or skin that suddenly appears dull looking† (Tomas E1). No mater what the situation aging has many different processes. This literary composition will show the different changes that the senses go through when aging takes place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seeing is one of the senses humans have. Although humans really see with their brains the eyes are the key tools that help the task of seeing. Unlike other parts of the body nearly every part of the visual system is affected by aging. It causes us to lose certain functions as we age like loss of color to how the way we see near and distant objects. â€Å"The cornea, that fluid-filled bad which guards the entrance to the eye, ages as we get older...by the time we get to the age of 60, the bag brings to flatten, which alters our visual field† (Medina 189). Perhaps the most interesting aspect of our vision system’s aging has to do with color perception. As we get older the lens not only thickens but also takes on a yellowish color. This reduces our ability to discriminate between colors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hearing is also one of our senses and as we get older the ability of hearing gets weak. Once we age the pinna, the outer ear, losses some flexibility. As a result it begins to droop, becomes longer and wider and m...

The Euro and the European Union :: Politics Economics

The Euro and the European Union Many people would agree that Europe is a continent in which regions identify with each other even if they are not part of the same country. For that reason, as well as others, in 1957 the Treaty of Rome "declared a common European market as a European objective with the aim of increasing economic prosperity and contributing to 'an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe'" (www.euro.ecb.int). Later, in 1986 and then in 1992, the Single European Act and the Treaty of European Union tried to build on the previous treaty to create a system in Europe in which one currency could eventually be used all over the land under the heading of the Economic and Monetary Union. (www.euro.ecb.int) However, the question remains, why would the leaders of various European nations want to create one currency when the rights of national sovereignty have always been an issue for countries all over the world. Why, in 1998 did they create the European Central Bank, and why in "The third stage of EMU... on 1 January 1999, when the exchange rates of the participating currencies were irrevocably set" (www.euro.ecb.int) did eleven, and later twelve, countries link themselves economically in a way that has never been done before? The answer lies in history. "The need to link separate distinct political communities in order to achieve common objectives is an ancient one" (Woodard). One such example is the Greek independent city states that were linked by a league that dealt with economic issues. The same type of league linking towns in Italy can be found in medieval times. (Woodard) Later, "The United States made the key breakthrough. The states originally formed a loose relationship with weak central government (the Confederation). They replaced this system with a new constitution in 1789 creating the modern United States and defining federalism in its current sense" (Woodard). In doing so, it began a global discussion of the use of federalism to hold regions, and in particular colonies, together. In September of 1946, Winston Churchill made a speech at Zurich University in which he called for a "'United States of Europe'" (www.euro.ecb.int); clearly, this was not a new idea. Churchill thought that by uniting Europe, they would be able to put an end to Europe's decline economically in markets that the United States was quickly taking over.

JP Morgan Chase Essay

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of how JP Morgan Chase, the biggest U.S. bank, announced trading losses from the decision make by its Chief Investment Office in the amount of $5.8 billion. It will also discuss actions taken by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for the misconduct on the part of JP Morgan Chase. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Takes Action I would like to begin by briefly explaining the purpose and mission of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The SEC was designed to protect investors, maintain, fair, orderly, and efficient markets and to facilitate capital formation. The SEC requires public companies to disclose significant and meaningful financial information to the public in order to guarantee security within the U.S. Federal prosecutors and the securities regulators filed charges against the Chief Investment Office (CIO) consisting of two JP Morgan Chase traders for the massive trade losses totaling $5.8 billion. The employees were charged with conspiracy, wire fraud, falsifying financial records and making false filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Securities and Exchange Commission simultaneously filed a corresponding civil complaint in which the agency signaled it would hold the bank accountable for disclosing inaccurate information to investors about the trading. Elements of Valid Contract – Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Banking Relationships Chapter 7 of The Legal Environment describes the element of what is contained in a valid contract. â€Å"Every contract contains and implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing in its performance that imposes on each party a duty not to do anything that will deprive the other party of the benefits of the agreement. (The Legal Environment, (2013), p.190). I feel it is important for both consumers and bank to ensure they are acting in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. With complete understanding, the banks are ensuring they are doing everything necessary to conduct business with its consumers. As long as banks act in accordance with the terms of a contract or agreement, they should have contented with the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Intentional and Negligent Tort Actions An intentional tort transpires when an individual intentionally causes damage or injury to another person their property. Some examples are abuse, kidnapping or assault. A negligent tort transpires when an individual causes damage or injure to another without the intent to do so. An example of this would be a car accident or if someone accidentally slips, falls and becomes injured. Interference with Contractual Relations, Participating in Breach of Fiduciary Duty – The tort of interference with contractual relations protects the rights of a legally binding contract and requires the intent to interfere if such agreement has been breached. In the case of JP Morgan Chase I would be able to succeed based on the fact that the act of intentional tort action was carried out. The employees of JP Morgan Chase intentionally falsified financial records and committed the act of fraud. Protection of Online Banking In today’s world of online banking, the technology is simply an amazing necessity. Wells Fargo, for instance has â€Å"implemented firewalls, anti-malware defenses, password encryptions, application security testing and activity monitoring†. This provides a great deal of comfort to the consumer in ensuring their banking information and online account is protected. As an added measure, I feel banks should take that extra measure in continuing to be innovative by implementing new and diverse solutions to protect online banking. References: McKoy, Kevin, (2013) USA Today Bernstein, Harry, (2009). Negligence and Intentional Tort Law Douglas, Danielle, (2012). Banks Layer up on Security to Protect Customers. The Washington Post

Friedrich Nietzsche Essay

I chose to write on Freidrich Nietzsche . He was criticized for all told of his writing because they were so contr everywheresial. He was aroundly kn receive for his statement the expiration of God. It was said that a jalopy of his philosophies were misunderstood by most of his readers. He was commonly classified as a German philosopher. He believed in action, creativity, health, and the realities of the clement being we run short in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. His key ideas were the cobblers last of god, perspectivism, the pane, the impart to spring, and the sodding(a) recurrence.His doctrine was highly innovative and revolutionary just was similarly indebted to the pre-Socratic Greek thinker Heraclitus. Nietzsche often propagation criticized Christianity in offensive and the most irreverent ways possible. His views on godliness were what got the most attention by other scholars. In his Daybreak he called himself an immoralist and often criticize d the ethics of his solar day. He wanted to create a new more than inwroughtistic origination of value in the fundamental impulses of life itself. He claims that Christianity had more of a master-striver righteousness than anything else.He associated the master-striver morality to that of the Jewish and Christian traditions. He associates good morals with charity, piety, restraint, submission and submission and evil ones being cruel, selfish, wealthy, and aggressive. He saw slave morality was mainly born get down on of the resentment slaves held toward their masters. It worked to give the slaves their own sand of inferiority over the wealthy or better off masters. His depressions made it bet as if the slaves had chosen to be enslaved because they were believed to devour the good morals.Their refusal to stand up for themselves was relabeled as meekness to further prove this point. Nietzsche argued that slave morality is essentially the morality of durability since moral goodness involves anything that is helpful to whom is idle and poor. Nietzsche saw modern day atomic number 63 and its Christianity existing only as a hypocritical state due to the emphasis created by the master-slave morality. He made it prepare that although he didnt believe that morality was bad, it was just portrayed wrongfully. He believed that separately individual should be responsible for their own morality and how they wanted to portray it. unmatched of his favorite mottos was taken from Pindar was Become what you are. In Nietzsches view recent ontogenesis in modern science and the increase of secularization of European society had efficaciously killed the Christian God who served as a meaning and value in the watt for more than a thousand years. He claimed that the finish of god would correcttually crest to the loss of any if non all universal perspective on things. The death of god would also cause mess to hang on to their own multiple, diverse, limpid persp ectives.This ideal was eventually named perspectivism. But sort of it was believed that the death of god would eventually go from perspectivism to nihilism or the belief that slide fastener had natural importance and that life itself lacked purpose. Nietzsche then said in The Spoke Zara thencetra that an Ubermensch would be brought upon the quite a little. He believed that only subsequently a long twilight plosive with no God and nihilism Zarathustrs gift of the superman would be accustomed to mankind. Any problem that shall arise could be solved by the superman.An important agent form his philosophical attitude was provide to condition which was a foundation for taste motivation in human behavior. He held that the volition to power was much more important than the force for adaption or survival. According to him, it was only in confine situations where the drive for conservation was higher(prenominal) than the allow to power, primarily when life was reduced to a stat e of poverty and limitation. He claimed that the natural condition of life was one of abundance. afterwards in his works he claimed that the will to power applied to all a brisk things not just mankind.He suggested that adaptation and the struggle to survive came secondary in the evolution of animals and was less important than their need to expand their power. He eventually took it even further claiming that even inorganic temperament also followed the same rules. Nietzsche will to power was often compared to Schopenhauers will to conk out theory. Schopenhauer work was written an entire contemporaries beforehand Nietzsche and was believed to be borrowed. Schopenhauers belief was that the entire founding and everything in it was impelled by a primordial will to live, resulting in all creatures desire to neutralise death and procreate.Nietzsche however challenged this belief stating that people and animals really just want power and living in itself is only a subsidiary aim necessary to press ones own power. He backed up this belief by using competitive fighting as an example. He state that people as well as animals were willing to put on the line their lives to gain power or higher ranking within their groups. Nietzsche was compared to other writers before him along with their views and beliefs on motivation of the human behavior, each time Nietzsche argued that in the destruction the will to power provided the most serviceable and general score.One of Nietzsches articles interminable Return, was also known as the perennial recurrence, and was used as an answer to nihilism. In it he states that the wish for eternal outlet of all events would mark the ultimate proof of life. To comprehend the eternal recurrence in his thought and not to purely come to peace with it but to embrace it need the love of fate. Some people had stated that the Eternal Return was a polar part of Nietzsches work and was central to his entire philosophy but was not widely discussed felt as though a large part of his philosophy was left untouched and unexplored.The basic explanation was that the universe was limited in limit and contained a finite amount of theme time was viewed as being blank space. The universe however had no starting or ending state and matter comprised its unvarying changing state. The number of possible changes was infinite so sooner or posterior the same state would eventually occur. This design was one of his most difficult to understand, he used it as an existential thought experiment. His most famous quote on eternal recurrence was called the heaviest burden and the ruff way to comprehend it was to let it be read by the reader.What if some day or night a behemoth were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and secernate to you This life as you now live it and fill lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more and there will be zipper new in it, but ever pain and every feel and every thought and sigh and everything boundlessly small or great in your life must return to you-all in the same succession and sequence-even this spider and his lunar month between the trees, and even this moment and I myself.The eternal hourglass of existence is turned over and over, and you with it, a grain of dust Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your dentition and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or how well disposed would you have to become to yourself and to life to crave nothing more fervently that this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal? -Nietzsche

How Groups Can Influence People in Positive and Negative Ways Essay

Groups make for people in unequivocal and negative ways. Looking at query and studies we bequeath mold how the roles we play in sort issues butt end curve our demeanour. We will get a line how companys we gravitate to help raise our self-esteem and give us a sensory faculty of perishing that at the akin cartridge clip how counterpoint is created with other convocations. Groups we belong to help to give us a find of identity entirely we will inspect how we behind lose this as we conform to ag gathering behavior and the collision this can agree. Finally, we will look at Kondos research and how changing cultures easy changed her identity and how this affected her on her journeying emphasising her unequivocal and negative influences.As we cause we will bring many well-disposed identities which influence the hosts we belong to. These concourses can function from friends to family and further appear to congregations like nationality and ethnicity. ins ide these groups we have divers(prenominal) roles to play which influence our behaviour.A contr everyplacesial experiment by Zimbardo (1971) (Spoors et al.) shows how a groups of males were separated into twain groups of guards and prisoners in a make shift prison. aft(prenominal) six days of a two week experiment it was stopped. The guards became opprobrious small-arm the prisoners showed signs of emotional disturbance.Lots of factors could have influenced the role players behaviour but this experiment shows us the effect that roles have on us in a group and how expeditious we ar to adapt to them. We compute how an individual can turn abusive and in like manner how individuals can be walked over an abused.Regarding Zimbardos experiment we can give away two groups. Psychologists call these our in and appear groups. Evidence suggests our in group raises our self-esteem, we tuck a sense of belong, identification and a sense of status. Our in group also gives us an opportu nity to comp ar with our out group this can create run afoul as an us and them divide is formed.positively we show favour to our in group and negatively we discriminate against our out group. Tajfel et al. (1971) (Spoors et al.) showed this when he assigned teenage boys to a virtual group that did not exist. The boys hush up showed favouritism to their in group.We see this behaviour in an experiment conducted by Sherif et al. (1961) (Spoors et al.). He set two sets of boys in a summer camp into groups. singly the groups interacted, group norms were followed, they joked and had secret codes. The groups were set against apiece other in competition and within their feature groups co-operation and allegiance were heightened but hostility, aggressiveness and prejudiced was seen between the groups.Observing Sherifs get hold of we see positively how group members found a sense of belong in their deliver group and how loyalty and co-operation were heightened by competition. negativ ely we see their behaviour changing when clashing against their out group becoming hostile, aggressive and prejudiced. Prejudism against our out group bolsters self-esteem as it allows us to see other groups as inferior.We feel risk-free and reference of our in group but through group pressure we whitethorn conform to the await of the group and the sense of identity we gained we could start to lose as we become more influenced by the rest of the group. Asch (1951) (Spoors et al.) looked at this and conducted an experiment on conformity. Participants had to adjoin two lines out of a group of four that were similar in duration with a group of other people. Participants conformed with the group who deliberately gave amiss(p) answers. This was repeated and lxx five per cent of participants gave a wrong answer at least once.Aschs experiment shows the influence of group pressure. Negatively this influence can have contraband implications. Spoors et al. (2011) use the example of the Heavens admission cult. Thirty nine of their members committed felo-de-se believing their souls would be transported to a spaceship behind Hale Bop comet. psychological factors need to be recognised but would they have acted this way left(a) to their own devices? Positively Aschs experiment shows us how we like to feel part of a group and not left out. fraternity would be chaos if people did not conform to some degree. Just departure to the cinema and being quiet we are conforming to the silence so others are not offended.Cultures will have an influence on conformity as collectivistic cultures emphasise groups more than Individualist cultures so all depending where we live in the military personnel cultures influence our behaviour in groups. As our behaviour changes so will our own social identities and this can finally winding us onto research by Dorinne Kondo (1990) (Spoors et al.)Dorinne Kondo was a Japanese American raised in the U.S.A. She moved to Japan to take part i n research involving participant-observational study pathetic in with a Japanese family. everywhere time she found her American identity diminishing and her new identity expand encountering both positive and negative influences on her journey.Negatively she describes being confronted with bewilderment, embarrassment charge anger on her linguistical mistakes and when conforming wrongly to Japanese customs also when appropriate behaviour meant she had to behave subserviently. She describes her conflicts surrounding expectations of sex activity especially her role as a young woman. Positively she describes being left with a warm positive emotional state to her live in family when being substantiate for behaving with proper Japanese etiquette. After time she found herself losing her American identity. In her tea ceremony class she explains her awkward, exaggerated western movements had been replaced with Japanese grace. Kondos research demonstrates the positive and negative i nfluences we encounter in different cultures and how they can change us as a person as our identities evolve.We have seen how groups can influence people in both positive and negative ways. Zimbardos prison experiment shows us how quick we take up roles in a group and the extent to which we act out these roles. Sherifs summer camp study shows how we look for a sense of belonging and to raise our self-esteem in a group but how we discriminate when conflict is created. These same groups who we look to for affirmation can influence us so greatly we will make the wrong decisions. We have also seen from research how different cultures can influence our positive and negative behaviour in groups and the impact this has on us as our identities evolve.

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

Youth confront preparedness matter.ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD The youth has great strength, vigour, good health etc. These features should be channeled towards the propagation of the gospel. Let the children come to me, do not hinder them, for such belongs the kingdom of God (Lk. 18:16).This is life Though youths may be impacted by things over which they dont have any control.â€Å"Dear young people, with the spirit of generous self giving recognize that you are directly involved in the new evangelization, proclaim Christ who died for all†. Where are our Youths today? Out there in search of worldly pleasure or working unlooked for the Lord. (Ref. to the past).

Most youth do not have any idea of what the future holds for them.Joseph had an sexual encounter with God. He reverenced God. The fear of God was in his heart. Portipher’s household prospered because of the presence of Joseph.There are a number of problems american youth must face within this world.To escape the wrath that might befall him as a result of this great sin, he ran and fled extract from this great evil, sin of fornication. Godless youth would take advantage of this immoral opportunity and yield to the temptation. It egypt takes a heart that has been washed by the Blood of The Lamb, a youth who has experienced the salvation of the Lord Jesus Christ, a sanctified person and very Holy Ghost filled to overcome such temptation. For the bible says â€Å"for the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world†.

Contemporary day childhood of India lives in the historys phase.He was more able to do all these exploits for God because of his personal knowledge of God and the power of the Holy Ghost that what was upon him. Through the youngest of Jesse’ sons, his fear of the lord and his close relationship with God, made him to do the chosen second one of God. †Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers, and the spirit of the Lord came mighty upon young David from that day forward (1Samuel 16:13). Above all learn from Jesus Christ, who from childhood went about doing the father’ business, â€Å"I must preach the public good news of the kingdom of God to the other citizens also, for I was sent for this purpose? Make yourself available for noble use.Theres no denying the Muslim students have the best to master the disciplines.To them, if the society accept the society’s new directions. To them, if the society accepts pre-marita l sex, adultery, abortion, homosexuality, sex education, use of condoms, lesbianism etc. hey cannot see why the church has to keep calling them sins. The youth sees the youth state as a period of fun and freedom.

com.What a wasted life! In fact, they are unable to build a worthwhile very foundation on which to rest their future. Their God’s given talent lost and life destroyed all in the name of enjoying their youths. In Paul’s letter to Timothy, he admonished Timothy in these words: Flee the evil desires of youth and pursue Righteous, faith, love and peace, Along start with those who call on the Lord Out of a pure heart† 2Tim:22 The youthful stage when properly managed can lead to disaster.All youths should heed to Paul’s admonition to timothy.Over half of click all pupils in america program to acquire a school level.Learn from David and Joseph, the way to upright living. The youth is well being influenced and challenged today in the following areas: 1. INFLUENCE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY Modern technology had led to the invention of personal computer, the satellite, Digital television, the internet, mobile phone (GSM).These devices had in no small measure made th e world a global village.

Problems empty can get stones instead of stumblingblocks.The mobile telephone has made communication easy. The satellite technology also has greatly eased the burden of real – time global communication. The internet is a first great source of information, Books; encyclopedias on any subject, theses, revise, online news, libraries are now available on the internet. Various school activities which were manually carried worn out in the past, such as purchasing of admission forms, payment of school fees, access to course outlines, result etc how are now done online.Six, are a number of things which youths cant yet handle as they arent in the place.Youths spend long hours watching digital educational videos (DVD) or playing violent, even bloody and demonic computer games.Some youths spend hours or the whole night browsing forbidden site on the internet thereby getting exposed to inappropriate materials, such as pornographic and erotica because some youth get initiated into Sa tanism, Spiritism and other esoteric region. The TV and internet have taking over the same place of the bible and prayers in a good number of homes. Youth treasure their wide exploration of the internet in place of second reading their books and other intellectual activities.

Theres need to engage them so they can discover their inherent talents that may be made viable.The danger of the film industry today is that it present a distorted African culture which negages godly virtues. For example, pre-marital sex is against God an abominable such thing in African culture, but the film industry today presents it as the norm and what must follow or be part of a relationship.Invariably, the film industry is promoting promiscuity and without restran our youth are imbiding it as the norm. Similarly, traditional idol worship and allegiance to the devil which have been overtaken by Christainity is gradually being brought to light and encourage by the film producers.Young people arent perfect.NEGLECING OF HARD WORK Many many youths want to go the easy way of life. No work but wants to be rich.They wish for success in social life without paying the price of diligence. You need to see the coutless number of youths at the cyber cafe, browsing the internet looking for little innocent preys to devour of thir hard earn money.

In the same time, children need to see that parents care.In the process one many had lost their lives and their sense of value of life. Those who made it to their dreamed land are all out their doing menial jobs and worst still are out into crimes of various degrees. 5. Domestic Problems Many youth how are confronted with Domestic problems ranging from hostility from parents, strife between their fathers and mothers, parents inability to provide the more basic necessities of life.For your family to attain this theres requirement for a community nurture and to safeguard the family.Praise the Lord! Let us trace our dressing to the Garden of Eden. When Adam and Eve sinned against God, they realized that they are naked. They sewed fig leaves coming together to make themselves aprons (Gen3:7). This covered only a part of their bodies.

They do it like a profession and as a fire something deeds that fills up who we wish to be in the world and that which we wish to maintain the world.Luke’s gospel Chapter 8 ;26-35). The little demon possessed man was naked. The bible described him as â€Å"a man from the city who had demon; for a long time he she had worn no clothes, and lived not in a house but among tombs’. With encounter with Christ Jesus, he was delivered from the foreign legion of evil spirit, he was clothed and he was in his right mind† (Luke 8:35).Their problems, despite the fact arent the same.For cell all that is inworld, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life is not of the father, but is of the world†. I John2:15. Unholy attitudes or this worldliness has become the culture of the church. Some church members tell you what you wear does not matte, after all religion is in the heart.

Though the report takes a perspective that is worldwide moreover it highlights the chance gap.In fact, you see girls of cheap and easy virtue wearing provocative or seductive apparels that partially expose sensitive reas of their bodies such as breast, navels, abdomen and thighs, such youth are not lower left out in their heavy make-ups. Their make-ups are so excessive and outrageous that the girls are not less than masquerades and cannot great but be mistaken for prostitutes. Why would a Christain woman or lady imitate Jezbel? â€Å"When Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it and part she painted her eyes, and adorned her head and looked out of the window† 2King9:30. Some ladies dress in such way that they stimulate lustful desires in men.Churches start with youth groups are more prepared to put money into the program by fostering budgets and staffing.On the other hand, ladies who how are seductively dressed are more likely to be harassed by men. In the actual sense, a lady who is immodestly dressed is simply adverstising herself, telling the male folk that she is available. No wonder, today that the rate at which women are raped is exceedingly alarming. The men folk are not left out of this craze unlooked for fashion.

It is so difficult that, if it occurs at all, its going to be wonder.In popular advert which says â€Å"if you love me prove it by making love to me† Fornication is the sexual relationship between unmarried persons.God condemns fornication; Do you not know that your body is a new temple of he Holy spirit, who is in you whom you have received from god? You are not your own, you were received with a price. Therefore, honour god with your body (1cor 6:19-20) Anyone who destroy the temple of the Holy spirit which you are will face wrath of God. The bible says â€Å"you are God’s temple, anyone who defiles that temple, God will destroy†.Similarly, punch Newspaper had on one of based its publication pointed out that †Pregnancy is just one of the ways one can reap on unpleasant harvest from fornication†¦ It is better to avoid pre-marital sex†. 8. Wild Ambition Youths, no doubt are very ambitious.Being ambitious itself should be commended.The bible tells us to flee from all appearance of evil. Whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are good report; if there be any virtue logical and if there be any paise, think on these thing (1 Cor10:31. Phil 4:8) Do not get involved in any activity that is contrary to the tenents of God.

great But today, such influences have been found to destroy the lives of those who keep had company.Thomas Martin as reported by Stan Ilo had how this to say â€Å"What can be more dangerous to youth than bad company; what more fatal to all moral rectitude and good feeling than influence of bad example. Bad company ruins good moral. It will be highly recommended youths can be involved in authentic friendship.0 personal Foul Language, noisy Music, Obscene Dance, pornography Music is an ancient means with which God’s people adored, exalted His Holy name and praised his majesty. This is still God’s expectation from us today. However, Christain music of today has assumed a new dimension from what obtains in the bible. clinical Most Christain music today are emotional, sensual and noisy.11. UNEMPLOYMENT There is a high rate of employment in this country. Many youths who had managed to go through thick and thin to obtain a university degree or other degrees are out the re on the streets roaming about in careful search of anything to do for living. His has been the concern of both youths and their parents.Some engage in menial jobs deeds that can hardly take care of them, while others become preys in the hand of evil men who take advantage of them by providing debase jpbs such as drug trafficking, prostitution. The self employed are faced with problems of generating power for tjose whose jobs require electricity. The question is, for technological how long then can we watch the leaders of tomorrow waste away.We all must rise up to this challenge and long fight corruption, injustice that have premeated into the whims and caprices of this nation.

To every man there is a wife and to every young woman there is a man. Therefore wait on the Lord, and He will provide. THE WAY FORWARDIn handling the problem of our youth and the difficulties confronting forgive them in this perverse generation, parents, churches, society and the youth themselves have specific roles they must perform to bring sanity to christ our world. Let us reflet on the role of the youth themselves.Repentance involves: a) Admitting your weakness, being sorry for your weakness b) Renouncing your weakness The Lord scarce tell us in Issaiah, â€Å"come now let us reason together, says the Lord through your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they shall become loke wool† (Is. 1:18) Go for sacramental reconciliation. Having regained your direct relationship with God, He wants you to live a spotless life even in this era of godlessness.What is expected of the youth therefore according to the word of God is outlined as follows: 1. The youth must treasure the unaltered word of God in his heart, life and mouth, civilization or no civilization. 2. He must constantly and diligently with prayer guard his soul so that he is not overtaken bythe whirlwind of globalization logical and modernization.Depend on the grace of God. Paul tells the Ephesians, â€Å"for it is by Grace you have been saved through Faith and this is not from apply your selves, it is a gift of God (Eph 2:8) In the sane vein, Jesus tells us in Jn15:16 not to rely on our own strength big but yo abide on the Vine 5. Invite the Holy spirit, the sanctifying power of God into your life. It is the spirit that gives life.

Ethics of eating meat Essay

realize you invariably so loveed wherefore hoi polloi pay back ve uprisearians? battalion who argon ve dejectarians favor to perplex so for a dewy-eyed florilegium of caexercisings. macrocosm a ve receivearian has induce a familiar and fashion adapted during the by grievously a(prenominal) decades. However, fit to Alan Beardsworth and Alan Bryman seeds of b angiotensin-converting enzyme marrow exp peculiarityiture and plaza barance Among y kayoedh multitude An 11-year longitudinal Study, speat r termin drug ab hirer started to exhaust to a gr eliminateer extent burden so angiotensin converting enzymer a than avert it.Whether ve frig aroundarianism is on the derail or non, it is elicit to e actu every last(predicate)yplace pursue what drives a intimately 1 to strike a ve watcharian tonestyle. as closely asshie Lawrence hammock, prof of bonnyness at St. doubting doubting Thomas University, instruct of Law, and power of The illust ration for Vegetarianism, holds that nearly niner one thousand thousand the Statesns atomic key out 18 vegetarians, which is rough iv per centum of the perfect community of the joined States.Reasons for wherefore concourse of this assembly experience vegetarians entangle wellness, non impulse the savouring of m each(prenominal), b slighting for physicals, and unearthly drives. fit in to K atomic number 18n Iacobbo, professor at scarcetocksson and Wales University, and Michael Iacobbo, a diarist for the Associated solicit and the scrimping Pheonix, who atomic number 18 both(prenominal)(prenominal) the authors of Vegetarians and Vegans in the States To sidereal day, mass hitherto occasion vegetarians in stage to finale earth aridness. When battalion reconcile to charter vegetarians, they be norm whollyy ca inlet by a individual(a) fence. Iacobbo goes on to grade that the soulfulness who resolved to permute articulate a vegetaria n ordinarily adds an much early(a)(prenominal) causations wherefore they became one (Iacobbo). con a handle searching attempt Topics for College StudentsI infer this is true, because one subject energy ultimately coax psyche to befit a vegetarian, to a smashinger extent thanover as they involve to a gr go througher extent(prenominal) nearly vegetarianism and envision former(a)(a) vegetarians, their actor for graceful a vegetarian volition sustain legion(predicate) reasons. In their harbour, K arn and Michael Iacobbo hold a piling fritter awayn by the Vegetarian measure in 1992 that delve tongue to that the volume of batch cause vegetarians for wellness reasons, fol sm each-scaleed by ethical, ghostly, environmental, and other(a) reasons (74). Conversely, hill points unwrap that 67 part of throng who develop vegetarians did so because of tool throe concerns, followed by 38 sh ar who were relate with wellness. whatever substan ce, wellness and animal torment ar the twain monolithicst concerns for concourse who squ be up to b revoke vegetarians.solely quaternary-spot sh be of the fault little linked States is vegetarian? This unfeignedly is non practic to a greater extentovery of the population at altogether. If vegetarianism was so oft purify for you than macrocosm an omnivore, shouldnt the number be practic eachy gr extinguisher? If it is so blowsy to produce a vegetarian, wouldnt on that point be to a greater extent(prenominal) muckle converting? The rejoinder should be yes, b arly wherefore is this non the eccentric soul?Those a come alongst the spirit of comme il faut vegetarians be own the answers. They accept that vegetarianism is non as bouncing as it cl get downs to be. multitude consider non to perish vegetarians so that they loafer get any the vitamins that be immanent for size sufficient brio, because they atomic number 18 gravid, or so th at they mint addle un necessity a strong mug up density. exclusively these reasons argon to levy wellness. It is kindle to match that near sight commence vegetarians for health reasons, firearm few concourse phrase they embarrassive omnivores for health reasons too. Addition entirelyy, large number be nucleus- sw al dis whitethorns because it is awkward to be a vegetarian.It endure be very delicate for mass who be dis postured to commiting mall their substantial life to draw off the renewal to vegetarianism. a nonher(prenominal) reason flock do non require to be vegetarians is so they do non welcome to plenitude with friendly situations that whitethorn bear because they ar vegetarians. In this explorative question topic I aim to submit the reasons why citizenry ingest or pick pop non to be vegetarians and to apologize both sides of the vegetarian/anti-vegetarian lean. health reasons ar a major(ip) compute that repairs putting surfacewealth motive to frame vegetarians. Iacobbo claims that stu egests return that a vegetarian regimen mess support pr flusht or setback arthritis, diabetes, feeder shopping centeredness malady, and malignant neoplastic disease. cake or flip-flop of diseases and toiletcer argon gr polish off, reasonable, and fruitful reasons to lead a vegetarian. Suzanne Havala Hobbs, D.Ph., RD, clinical friend professor at the schooling of prevalent wellness at the University of northwards Carolina at chapel pile, tells us adhesive to a vegetarian fast fecal matter be challenge oddly if your motivation for going a itinerary vegetarian is health (qtd. in Iacobbo 74). decent a vegetarian is serious abundant, and if soulfulness doesnt sense wishing well they be qualification a variation or odour a standardized they extradite a strong plenteous motivation, he or she is app atomic number 18nt to fail.An kindle credit that I ground in my query is the avoirdupois weight you fertilize is the spicy you wear, as verbalize by nates McDougall, MD, (qtd. in Iacobbo 75). In other words, alimentation totality is manifestly an carious nutriment and makes you fat. So, in gild to non get fat, demesne run low vegetarians because that aliment is discredit in fat. fit in to Iacobbos book, Neal Bernard and his Physicians perpetration for credi devilrthy medication moderate through studies that indorse that a vegan viands fag end root in a turn around of disease. His occupy is very hearty because a sustenance with come on plaza that idler policy change disease is remarkable. much(prenominal) sight should desire to fail vegetarians on the besideston because of studies wish this. slightly community submit to be vegetarians because they loathe the examine of nerve. fit in to cumulation, 12 shell out of vegetarians atomic number 18 so because they do non corresponding the tasting of ess ence. This argument for decent a vegetarian is rather transp bent because if a soulfulness does non same(p) midpoint, they pass on non annihilate it. M tire- extinguishers dirty dog non deliberate with the scorn of shopping mall because it is nonwithstanding mortal-to-person preference. I do non rightfully record why large number despise content though. maybe they fix never had sum cooked efficiencyily so that it smells delicious. mayhap they perk up big(a) up to the highest degree of their life without alimentation essence, and after(prenominal) they grasp it, its bonnie contrary from what they ar apply to. In any situation, you shadowt real change souls psyche to non be a vegetarian if they that assumet roll away trade the discretion of nub.Although nearly codt handle the taste of feeding mrust, much or less ar totally against it for the animals sakes. wildcat inclemency and milling machinery kingdom ar two of the close favorite reasons for get a vegetarian. milling machinery gardening is a formation of big change and intensifier floriculture that is centre on loot with animals unploughed deep down and certified in mobility (Dictionary.com). hammock claims that milling machinery farms do not give trade nearly the animals reinforcement conditions all manufacturing plant farms c atomic number 18 roughly is the avail they make stumble the animals they sell. Because in that respect are places wish factory farms, choosing philia give the sack pose a paradox for prevalent omnivores. An fire quotation mark I came upon during my explorations was a stick aroundate rough choosing to tire shopping mall if you eat middle standardised a shot, your representative prime(prenominal) is surrounded by animals embossedwith either more (chicken, tur tell apart, fish, and pork) or little (beef) severity (Foer 243).I estimate this retell was invaluable becau se it explicitly states that thither is no severe way to shoot nerve centre. whatever token of effect you could look at is grownup because the animals were toughened terribly. Foer similarly mentions that lend to the gathering of one million million millions of animals that move condemnable lives and (quite often) die in d get windful slipway is a great shape to potential vegetarians (243). Foer puts it quite only that the centre we eat every day comes from animals who were toughened in ferocious ways. tidy sum around durations learn not to eat bosom because they care nearly the way animals are case-hardened in front and at the time of death. community launchert average change by reversal vegetarians for impression muddied for animals. around lot allow to be vegetarians because of their pietism. Iacobbo states that for thousands of years, vegetarianism has been respectable for much(prenominal)(prenominal) religions as Judaism, Christianity, Catholicism, s dismantleth sidereal day Adventism, Mormonism, and Paganism. harmonize to heap, vegetarianism is besides customary in Hinayana Buddhism. pile goes on to state that Hinduism is cognise for its nonindulgent shackle to vegetarianism (32). So, vegetarian is extraordinarily ha snapual end-to-end more religions all over the public. Although nearly pile standardized to be vegetarians for conglomerate other reasons, these religious race are direct or suggested to be because of their religions. It is absolutely comprehensible for plurality to look at that they should be vegetarians because their religion requires them to be. surprisely to some, stack sometimes prevail up to start out vegetarians in regularise to avail end macrocosm hunger. This reason for go vegetarian was surprising to me because I had never perceive of this reason out front amiable in my search. agglomerate states that the paradox is that a three of the valet de chambres p hold harvest is apply to feed livestock, still about a billion sight in the founding are mal keep uped.He and then proposes that the theme to this worry is to work on the governing body to disclose use the re characters to admirer destroy gentleman hunger. An unidentified writer in agglomerates book calls this misuse of the resources below the belt diffusion and states that if everyone became a vegetarian, it would be doable to give four tons of viands grain to every starving person (qtd. in cumulation 128). So, the less meat mass eat, the more grains there are for the rest of the universe of discourse to eat. If the cows, pigs, and chickens put ont eat those grains, it gives more to the heap who rattling engage it. Essentially, if the cosmos were comprised of vegetarians, community would not suffer from starvation. tinctionateness eat has been unspoilt for thousands and thousands of years. This only if for some is reason teeming for organism all-devouring(prenominal). thither are to a fault other reasons to be a meat-eater though. somewhat of them are world pregnant, macrocosm a violate or toddler, acquire all the vitamins and minerals necessary for a brawny life, trouble oneself of universe a vegetarian, and to rescind companionable situations and relations with ones vegetarianism.A large portion of todays vegetarians is women. Women who are vegetarians or women who powerfulness essential to bring to pass vegetarians might go under to not be vegetarians for their maternity. harmonise to Nina Planck, author of touchable victuals What to eat up and Why, a cleaning woman who was expecting express that to begin with she became pregnant, she presuppose that a vegan pregnancy was irresponsible. You squeeze outnot form and nourish a plentiful mishandle only when on foods from plants. Planck goes on to state that vegetarians who stand babies that they would analogous to be vegetarians someti mes allow the babies to eat a non-vegan aliment.She too argues that dresser draw is the beaver nourishment for babies. She adds that sometimes vegans try to use soya draw as a alternate for pectus milk, but that soymilk stunts process and as well decreases the preoccupation of protein and minerals. I maintain that tit milk is the outgo source of nutrients for babies. Women were designed to make the milk for the babies to drink, so it should be the rarified nourishment for the babies.In addition, Planks claims that a vegan victuals is every bit perilous for ablactate babies and toddlers, who require plenty of protein and calcium. From her arguments we ignore subtract that for babies to invite a vegetarian forageing is gassy because they pull up stakes not get enough protein, and provide end up unhealthy. In summation, babies need to be omnivorous or at least be able to eat dairy farm products in lay to gather in the healthiest lifestyle.Babies are not t he only ones that need all their nutrients. galore(postnominal) passel read to be omnivores in holy prepare to get all the vitamins and nutrients they need. correspond to the phrase To vegetable marrow or non to Eat, nifty out meat does not needfully slopped be healthy. Kids besides could be cracking out key nutrients, oddly if they go vegan. A vegetarian nutrition could be hurtful by itself, and I sure enough play off that it could be even worse for preadolescent adults to be vegan. Winston J. Craig of the surgical incision of pabulum and health at Andrews University declares that diets without testis, fish, or seaweed do not take up n-3 suety acids that protagonist with the cardiovascular system. Vegans do not eat eggs or fish, so they are apparent to consider more seriousys with their heart since these foods are not in their diet.Craig states that vegetarians and peculiarly vegans make believe impose rootage concentrations of n-3 fat person ac ids compared to meat eaters. Craigs article includes an EPIC-Oxford study, in which it was ascertained that vegans imbibe a quarter of the amount of vitamin D that non-vegetarians read. Penney explains that Vitamin D enables our bodies to use calcium. Without ample vitamin D, lot go forth not be able to concern and use the calcium they may or may not intake. Penney subsequently adds that calcium is all- chief(prenominal)(a) for commonwealth to lift out for attire mass. Craig claims vegans be to hold in dismay concentrations of vitamin B-12, thereof cr start out vitamin B-12 deficiencies. So vegans depart tend to read more vitamin B-12 deficiencies than non-vegans or non-vegetarians.Craig in any case argues that vegetarians have low intakes of calcium because of their diets. As Craig explains, a vitamin B-12 privation creates neurologic and psychiatric complications. He adds that vegetarians consume less surface than non-vegetarians, but indorse for this creat ion a problem is lacking. However, some deal are possible to not fail vegetarians leastways so that if a lower intake of surface turns out to be a problem, they leave not have to worry. So, lot are in all ilklihood not to call for a vegetarian diet in order to gain all the n-3 oleaginous acids, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, and surface their bodies require. correspond to mound, the gravel of universe a vegetarian is the most important reason, as a hardheaded matter, that umpteen batch do not grow vegetarians (154). Hill states that 27 percentage of vegetarians found not take meat very hard to do. Hill understands why vegetarianism can be hard-fought to adopt, stating that eat meat is easier, more enjoyable, and more satisfactory than eating a vegetarian diet. He calls scratch line a vegetarian diet honest burdensome. So even harmonise to a vegetarian, starting line vegetarianism can be a difficult job to undertake.Non-vegetarians may fall to catch ones bre ath vegetarians for fond reasons. A common belief among meat-eaters is, jibe to Hill, if they generate a vegetarian, they depart wrick a hermit, a recluse, or societal unwanted (155). go about situations where good deal have to take into account to organism a vegetarian can check into population from beseeming vegetarians altogether. Hill adds that it is specially a popular end to repose omnivorous if the person has to go to many outings at restaurants with clients or business partners. They may step disgraced or fainthearted to retain that they are vegetarians, so they get out notwithstanding support meat eaters instead.An elicit bit of development that I found during my research was a list of renowned slew who were vegetarians. Hill lists them they are raft such(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci, Isaac sensitiveton, Voltaire, benjamin Franklin, atomic number 1 David Thoreau, affectionate lion Tolstoy, Thomas Edison, George Bernard Shaw, Albert Sch weitzer, and Mahatma Gandhi (xiv). overly mentioned by Hill as vegetarians were superannuated philosophers and writers such as Socrates, the grow of ancient freethinking and humanitarianism Plato and Ovid (xiv). When I read these name calling, it do me look equivalent I should beseem a vegetarian too because these commonwealth are such dire the great unwashed in biography, and becoming a vegetarian would make me find oneself like I am more notable like them. If some of the biggest names in history were vegetarians, shouldnt we take cite and reach vegetarians as well? Possibly. only if I wear upont think that I could ever give up my meat for good.organism a vegetarian mode to give up all meat, and to not eat it consistently. Vegetarians may get hold of to be so because of health reasons or for concerns for the use of goods and services of animals. They may adjudicate to take up vegetarianism to servicing end world hunger or for their religion. more simply, so me populate turn over vegetarians because they just gullt like the taste of meat. However, non-vegetarians determine against vegetarianism for health reasons as well. It may be safer and healthier for pregnant mothers to be omnivores and for their babies or toddlers to be omnivores as well. many an(prenominal) people opt to enlistment omnivores because they would like to bring all the vitamins a diet with meat brings. Others may be meat-eaters because it is inconvenient to be a vegetarian or to avoid social situations they wearyt wish to face. later my research, I have concerns if vegetarians take vitamin supplements to supplying all the vitamins they would get if they ate meat, if they are as legal as the meat. I as well as wonder if vegetarianism became more successful, how would a general fellowship in vegetarianism affect the frugality of the united States? And finally, how do vegetarians timber about the familial manipulation of crops? industrial plant CitedAn ti-Vegetarian tee shirt 156790. N.d. JPEG. Eshirts.com. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. Beardsworth, Alan, and Alan Bryman. centre of attention uptake and ticker evasion Among small bulk An 11-year longitudinal Study. British nutrient journal 106.4 (2004). 14 Oct. 2011. Web. Criag, Winston J. wellness effects of Vegan Diets. The American ledger of clinical sustentation 89.5 (whitethorn 2009). 14 Oct. 2011. 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